gadaxveva 22: istoriuli ieso

Tu, rogorc zogierTi amtkicebs, ar arsebobs imis dasturi, rom ieso nazareTeli odesRac arsebobda, maSin rTulia TviT qristianobis arsebobis axsna. saWiroa uzarmazari xalxTa raodenobis gamokiTxva, raTa SevxvdeT iseT adamians, romelic ityvis, rom milionobiT xalxi ukanaskneli 2000 wlis manZilze Tavisi rwmenis safuZvlad miiCnevs adamians, romelic arasodes ar arsebobda da rom am kacis rwmena maT gaavrceles mTel samyaroSi, devnisa da sikvdilis miuxedavad. qristianebi da ebraelebi Cveulebriv eTanxmebian imas, rom mahmadi odesRac cxovrobda, Tumca isini uaryofen mis swavla-darigebas. sinamdvileSi, Cven veTanxmebiT im faqts, rom yvelaze cnobili istoriuli moRvawe cxovrobda, gansakuTrebuli mtkicebebis gareSe. xSirad keTdeba farTod cnobil istoriul movlenebis analizi konkretul mtkicebebTan erTad, romlTa uaryofa sakmaod rTulia (magaliTad, gastingis brZola 1066 wels).

is faqti, rom zogierTi xalxi uaryofs iesos arsebobas, metyvelebs zomagadasul reaqciaze, survilze _ moZebno xelsayreli saSualeba ar gauwio angariSi misi misionerobis miRebis mizezebs. es gansakuTrebiT WeSmaritad gamoiyureba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom adrindel ebraelebs swamdaT ax. w. aR-is pirvel saukuneSi mcxovreb kacis, saxelad iesosi. Semdegi istoriuli mtkicebebi iesos arsebobis Sesaxeb araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda ganvixiloT rogorc xalxis Teologiuri gamogoneba. mocemul nawilSi uamravi saintereso informaciaa, romelic gadmoRebulia hari habermasis wignidan "Zveli mowmeba iesos cxovrebis Sesaxeb".

1) romaeuli istorikosi taciti Tavis or cnobil wignSi ax. w. aR-is pirveli saukunis Semdeg ("analebi" da "istoriebi") axsenebda iesosa da qristianebs. igi werda "analebSi" (daaxloebiT 115 wels ax. w. aR-is), rom xalxTa klass, romelic sZulda mdabio xalxs maTi zizRis gamo, "qristianoba" ewodaT. qriste, romlis sxeulidan warmoiSva es wodeba, sasikvdilod iyo ganwiruli pilates mefobis dros.

am wignis Sesabamisad, imperatori Tiberi mefobda 14-dan 37 wlamde ax. w. aR-is, da zustad am periodis ganmavlobaSi qriste sikvdiliT iyo dasjili. taciti werda, rom qristianebis rwmena "gavrcelebuli iyo ara marto iudeaSi, pirvel wyaroSi (am ideebis), aramed romSic. Semdeg igi aRwers, Tu rogor sastikad sZulda mas qristianebi, romelTagan umravlesoba sikvdiliT daisaja romSi. es yvelaferi Seesabameba axali aRTqmis werils imis Sesaxeb, rom iesosi da mis mociqulTa swavleba Caisaxa iudeaSi da Semdeg gavrcelda mTel romis imperiaSi, Tumca winaaRmdegobas xvdeboda.

2) sxva romaeli istorikosi, sutoni, amgvarad werda klavdiis marTvelobis dros (41-54 w. ax. w. aR-is), rom ebraelebi romSi qristes mier aRznebulni ganuwyvetliv qmnidnen aurzaurs, xolo man (klavdim), gandevna isini qalaqidan. saq 18:2 naTqvamia, rom ebraelur colqmrul wyvils akilasa da priskilas unda daetovaT romi ebraelTa devnis gamo.

Semdeg sutoni wers qristianebis devnis Sesaxeb nerosis marTvelobisas, TiTqos romSi didi xanZris Semdeg... sasjeli miiRes aseve qristianebma, seqtam, romelic qadagebda axal da borot rwmenas. es miTiTeba "qristianebis" saxelwodebis jgufis arsebobis Sesaxeb pirvel saukuneSi ax. w. aR-is gvaZlevs safuZvels visaubroT am saukuneSi mcxovreb adamianze, qristeze.

3) f.f. briusi ("qristianobis warmoSoba", gv. 29) aqcevs yuradRebas qristianobis moxsenebis Sesaxeb aRmosavlur xmelTaSua zRvis istoriis wignSi, romelic dawerili iyo ax. w. aR-is 52 w. talasis mier. sxva nawarmoebSi ("dokumentebi axali aRTqmis Sesaxeb", gv. 113) briusi saubrobs talasis mier naxseneb adamianis Sesaxeb saxelad iuli afrikani, romelmac dascina wvdiadis aRweras iesos jvarcmis dros, da axsna es movlena, rogorc mzis dabneleba. es metyvelebs qristes jvarcmis Sesaxeb, romelic moxda ramdenime wliT adre, sanam igi dawerda Tavis istorias ax. w. aR-is 52 w.

4) romis saxelmwifo moRvawe, pliniumi, ixsenebs pirveli saukunis wlebSi qristianebis saxelwodebis xalxTa aqtiuri jgufis arsebobas. igi ise aRwerda maT msaxurobis dros, TiTqos maT Cvevad hqondaT Sexvedrebi garkveul dRes, gaTenebamde da qristes himnis leqsebis warmoTqma ("pliniumis werilebi, melmotis Targmani, tomi 2, X:96).

romis imperatorebi traiani da adriani saubrobdnen sakuTari problemebis Sesaxeb qristianebTan urTierTobaSi (ix. "pliniumis werilebi", t. 2, X:97 da evsibe "eklesiesturi istoria" IV:IX, Sesabamisad). am jgufis arseboba ax. w. aR-is pirvel saukuneSi da maTi gansakuTrebuli sulgrZeloba devnis dros, adasturebs imas, rom isini pirvel saukuneSi mcxovreb, realur istoriul pirovnebis mimdevrebi iyvnen.

5) talmudi, ebraelTa saRmrTo wigni, sinedrionSi 43a ixsenebs qristes sikvdils. iTvleba, rom talmudis es nawili ekuTvnis am wignis adrindel periods (ese igi, ax. w. aR-is 70-200 w.w.). masSi aRniSnulia, rom aRdgomis dRes ieso CamoaxrCes. misi sikvdilis win, ormoci dRiT adre, mauwyebelma xmamaRla ganacxada: "mas Caqolvas upireben, imitom rom igi jadoqaria da mouwodebs israelianebs rjulgandgomilobisaken. yvela, visac SeuZlia raimes Tqma mis sasargeblod, gamovides da ganacxados". magram, radgan araferi ar moxda mis dasacavad, igi aRdgomisas CamoaxrCes.

sityva "CamoaxrCes" unda gavigoT, rogorc "jvarcma" _ am mniSvnelobiT igi ixmareba axal aRTqmaSi (gal 3:13; luk 23:39). am nawyvetSi weria, rom ebraelebs surdaT iesos Caqolva (rogorc Cans, moses rjulis Sesabamisas?), magram aRniSnulia, rom sinamdvileSi igi CamoaxrCes. amis axsna axal aRTqmaSi aris mocemuli, sadac miTiTebulia, rom ebraelebs unda daecvaT romis rjuli iesos sikvdilis ganaCenis gansaxorcielebis Sesaxeb, ese igi, CamoxrCobis meSveobiT.

sinedrionSi 43a naTqvamia aseve, rom iesos xuTi moswavle ganikicxa da sikvdilis ganaCeni miusajes. aq aseve aRniSnulia, rom ebraelebs tradiciulad swamdaT istoriuli iesos arseboba. sinedrionSi 1066 naTqvamia aseve, rom ieso 33 wlis iyo, roca mokvda, rac sruliad Seesabameba axal aRTqmas. meiers ("pirveli aRdgoma"; gv. 117, 118) mohyavs amonaweri mexuTe saukunes ebraeluri sabuTidan "toledot iesu", romelSic dadasturebulia, rom mociqulni cdilobdnen iesos sxeulis moparvas misi sikvdilis Semdeg, magram mebaRem, saxelad iudam, Seicno maTi gegmebi da gadaitana iesos sxeuli sxva adgilas, mogvianebiT ki ebraelebs gadasca. ustin marteri werda ax. w. aR-is 150 w., rom ebraelebi gzavnidnen Sikrikebs, romlebic acxadebdnen iesos sxeulis qurdobis Sesaxeb ("dialogi trifosTan", gv. 108), xolo ax. w. aR-is 200w. aseTive uwyeba mohyavda tertilians ("sanaxaobis Sesaxeb", gv. 30). amrigad, es monacemebi metyveleben imis Sesaxeb, rom Cveni eris pirveli saukuneebis ebraelebs swamdaT iesosi da mkvlelobis.

6) meore saukuneSi moRvawe, berZnuli dramaturgi lusiani dascinoda qristianebs, romlebic dRemde aRmerTeben jvarcmul adamians (lusian, "romSi mcxovreb ucxoelis sikvdili", gv. 11-13, "lusianis Sromebi", tomi 4, Targmani faurelisa da faulerisa).

7) pirveli saukunis yvelaze cnobili istorikosi iosibe iyo. wignSi "siZveleTa Zeglebi" igi axsenebs iakobs, "Zmas iesosi, romelsac qriste erqva". am wignis sxva nawilSi igi metyvelebs iesos Sesaxeb iseTi sityvebiT, romlebic Seesabamebian mis aRwerilobas axal aRTqmaSi: "am dros iyo ieso, brZeni adamiani... radgan igi is iyo, vinc saswauls qmnida... is qriste iyo... is gamoucxadda maT mesame dRes, rogorc RvTis winaswarmetyveli da qadagebda am da sxva aTi aTas saswaul movlenaze sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb". es nawyveti imdenad dazustebul aRweras gvaZlevs, rom zogierTi miiCnevs mas teqstis interpritaciad. ax. w. aR-is pirvel saukuneSi mcxovreb ieso nazareTelis arsebobis dasadastureblad metyveleben Semdegi monacemebi:

_ evsibe ("eklesiesturi istoria", 1:XI) citirebs iosibes am Tavs.

_ pativcemuli mecnierebi mxars uWeren am pirvel kiTxvas, rogorc originalurs da SeuZliaT daamtkicon, rom es Tavi igive stiliT aris dawerili, rogorc iosibes nawarmoebis danarCeni nawili (ix. daniel ropsi "iesos TanamedroveTa dumili", gv. 21; j.n.d. andersoni "axali aRTqmis sabuTi", gv. 108, 109).

_ ar arsebobs teqsturi mtkiceba, rom es nawyveti interpritacias warmoadgens.

_ profesori Slomo painsi amtkicebs, rom aRmoCenilia iosibes nawarmoebis arabuli gamocema, romelic TiTqmis ueWvelad originals warmoadgens. iq gvxvdeba moyvanili nawyveti, magram iesos aRdgomis da misianuri moRvaweobis mtkicebis gareSe, romelic moyvanilia zemoT miTiTebul nawyvetSi. es sakmaod dasabuTebulad gamoiyureba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom iosibe ebraeli iyo. painsi pirvelad saubrobda Tavisi aRmoCenis Sesaxeb 12 Tebervals 1972w. gazeTSi "niu-iork Taimsi", sadac moiyvana ganxiluli nawyveti iesos Sesaxeb arabuli gamocemidan: "am dros iq brZeni adamiani imyofeboda, saxelad ieso. misi saqcieli mosawoni iyo, igi cnobili iyo, rogorc keTilSobili. uamravi xalxi ebraelebsa da sxva erTa Soris misi moswavle gaxda. pilatem miuniWa mas jvarcma da sikvdili. misma moswavleebma ar uaryes misi swavleba; isini ambobdnen, rom igi gamoecxada maT jvarcmis sami dRis Semdeg da rom cocxali iyo; Sesabamisad, igi mesia iyo, romlis Sesaxeb winaswarmetyvelni saswauls qadagebdnen". es aRwera emTxveva axal aRTqmaSi naTqvams iesos Sesaxeb.