5.3 RvTis sasufeveli warsulSi

RvTis sasufeveli morwmuneTa momavali sazRauria. rogorc aseTi, igi STaagonebs maT icxovron ise, rogorc ieso cxovrobda, xanmokle tanjvis gadalaxviT. amitom, mosalodnelia, rom morwmuneni miuZRvnian sakuTar cxovrebas survils gaigon da Seafason momavali samefos saswaulebi. es maTi sulieri miswrafvis Sedegi da RmerTis mimarT siyvarulis gamomJRavneba iqneba.

wmida werili savsea wvrilmanebiT RvTis sasufevelis Sesaxeb. adamians mouwevs mTeli sicocxlis Sewirva, raTa warmoidginos mxolod ramodenime maTgani. erTerTi xerxi, romlis meSveobiT Cven SegviZlia aRviqvaT momavali sasufevelis ZiriTadi principebi, aris imis Segneba, rom RvTis sasufeveli ukve arsebobda warsulSi israelis samefos saxiT. aseTive samefo aRdgeba qristes dabrunebis Semdeg. biblia uamrav informacias gvaZlevs israelis xalxze, raTa SevityoT momavali samefos organizacia.

RmerTi xSirad aris aRwerili rogorc "israelis meufe" (es 44:6; Sd. es 41:27; 43:15; fsalm 48:2; 89:18; 149:2), aqedan gamomdinare, israelis xalxi mis samefos warmoadgenda. israelianebi gaxdnen RvTis samefod sinais mTaze, masTan aRTqmis dadebis Sedegad, egviptidan gamosvlisTanave. am aRTqmis dacvis survilTan Sesabamisad, RmerTma uTxra maT, "Cems sakuTrebad gamogarCevT yvela xalxisagan... da wmida erad meyolebiT" (gam 19:5, 6). amrigad, "rodesac gamovida israeli egviptidan... gaxda... israeli _ misi samflobelo" anu samefo (fsalm 114:1, 2). amgvari SeTanxmebis dadebis Semdeg, israelianebma gadaiares sinais udabno da damkvidrdnen qanaanTa qveyanaSi. radganac RmerTi iyo maTi meufe, maT xelmZRvanelobdnen "msajulni" (magaliTad, gedeoni da calmunayi) da ara mefebi. es msajulni administratorebad iyvnen, romlebic iRebdnen gankargulebebs cidan. isini marTavdnen qveynis garkveul nawils, da ara mTel qveyanas. RmerTi xSirad mouwodebda maT garkveul miznebisaken. rodesac israelianebma sTxoves msajul gedeons gamxdariyo maTi mefe, man miugo: "me ver vibatoneb Tqvenze... ufalma ibatonos Tqvenze" (msaj 8:23).

ukanasknel msajulad _ samueli iyo. mis dros israelianebma iTxoves mefed kaci, raTa yofiliyvnen rogorc eri mis irgvliv (1 mef 8:5, 6). mTeli Tavisi istoriis ganmavlobaSi, RvTis WeSmariti xalxi ganicdida cdunebas RmerTTan naTesaobrivi kavSiris daufaseblobis gamo. es Zalze Zlieri cdunebaa Cvens samyaroSi. RmerTi uCivoda samuels: "me uaryves TavianT mefed" (1 mef 8:7). Semdeg RmerTma gaugzavna mefeTa mTeli rigi. sulierad ufro niWierni aRiarebdnen, rom israeli jer kidev aris RvTis sasufeveli, miuxedavad imisa, rom man uaryo es samefo. msajulebs esmodaT, rom isini marTavdnen israeliT RvTis saxeliT da ara sakuTari surviliT. am principis gageba gvaZlevs solomonis marTvis aRweris saSualebas, romelic RmerTma "mogisurva, raTa mis taxtze daesva uflis, Seni RmerTis mefed" (2 neSt 9:8; 1 neSt 28:5; 29:23). solomonis meTaurobam moutana israels mSvidoba da aayvava igi, amasTanave igi momavali RvTis sasufevelis gansaxiereba iyo. amitom, xazgasmulia, rom solomoni israelianebis mefe iyo da marTavda maT RmerTis saxeliT, aseve, rogorc ieso daimyarebs RvTis taxts da imefebs RmerTis saxeliT (maT 27:37, 42; ioan 1:49; 12:13).

uamravi morwmune meufe, romlis Sesaxeb naTqvamia Zvel aRTqmaSi, Tavisi mefobiT asaxavda qristes momaval samefos. rogorc solomonma augo taZari RmerTs ierusalimSi, aseve moiqceva ieso momaval samefoSi (ix. ezek 40:48). rogorc xizkiahumma da solomonma miiRes mezobel xalxisagan saCuqrebi da pativiscemis niSnebi (3 mef 10:10) da aayvaves kurTxeuli israelis miwa (es 37:30), aseve es yvelaferi bevrjer metad gakeTdeba qristes mefobis dros.

colqmruli cxovreba

Tavisi kargi sawyisis miuxedavad, solomoni ukve axalgazrdobaSi uSvebda Secdomebs colqmrul movaleobebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebmac asakTan erTad daacarieles igi. "mefe solomons uyvarda bevri ucxoeli qali... moabelebi, yamonelebi, edomelebi... im modgmis xalxTa qalebi, romelTa gamo nabrZanebi hqonda ufals israelianTaTvis, nu SexvalT maTTan da nurc isini Semovlen TqvenTan, Torem ueWvelad modrekeno Tqvens gulebs TavianTi RmerTebiskan. maT mieweba solomoni siyvaruliT... da midrikes misi guli colebma. midrikes solomonis guli misma colebma ucxo RmerTebisken. ise wrfeli ar iyo misi guli uflisadmi... ukeTurebas sCadioda solomoni uflis TvalSi da ise ar erTgulebda ufals... ganurisxda ufali solomons... uTxra ufalma solomons... gamogglej samefos" (3 mef 11:1-11).

rwmenis dacemis procesi solomons ugrZeldeboda mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi. misma urTierTobam qalebTan, romlebsac ar aRiarebda israelis RmerTi, iqamde miiyvana, rom is Tayvans scemda cru RmerTebs. misi colebis siyvarulma imdenad daabrmava, rom is aRar ganixilavda im RmerTebs, rogorc WeSmariti RmerTis sulier damaxinjebas. droTa ganmavlobaSi, misi guli sruliad moscilda israelis RmerTs. "wrfeli ar iyo misi guli uflisadmi", ese igi, sindisi ar qeWnida cru RmerTebis Tayvanismcemlobis gamo. WeSmarit RmerTTan sulieri SeTvisebis aryofna iyo "siave RmerTis TvalebSi" da iqamde miiyvana, rom ufalma Sewyvita yvelanairi kavSiri solomonTan. israelianebs araerTxel gamoecxadaT, rom ar moeyvanaT coli sxva tomebidan (gam 34:12-16; ieso 23:12, 13; rjl 7:3).

qristes saxelSi naTlobiT, Cven sulier qristianebad vxdebiT. Tu Cven martoni varT, unda gavTxovdeT an moviyvanoT coli, romelic iziarebs Cvens rwmenas da "ufalSi" imyofeba (1 kor 7:39), ese igi, qristeSi. Tu Cven naTlobis miRebis dros ukve SeuRlebulni varT, Cven ar unda davcildeT colebs. Cveni colqmruli urTierToba Cveni rwmeniT aris nakurTxi (1 kor 7:12-14). Segnebuli qorwineba maTze, vinc ar cnobs WeSmarit RmerTs, sabolood migviyvans rwmenis uaryofamde. solomonma, SesaZloa, ar daafasa RvTis gafrTxilebis mniSvneloba amgvari qalebis Sesaxeb: "midrekeno Tqvens gulebs" (3 mef 11:2; gam 34:16). saWiroa gansakuTrebuli TviTkontroli da gulwrfeli monanieba, rom ar viyoT gamonaklisi am wesisagan.

Cven adre vTqviT, rom marTlmadidebeli qristianebi ver aRiqvaven qristianuli imedis ebraelur safuZvels; isini ar cnoben israelis WeSmarit RmerTs. Sereuli qorwinebiT aseTi xalxi TandaTan scildeba WeSmaritebis doqtrinebs, romlebic ZiriTadia Cveni xsnisaTvis. amis gamo, isaakma da iakobma didi tanjviT ipoves qalebi, romlebzec SeeZloT daqorwineba. isaaki daqorwilda 40 wlis asakSi, igi sakmaod did xans eZebda Tavisi rwmenis sacoles. ezrisa da neemiis mwuxareba ebraelebis daqorwinebaze araebraelebze adasturebs am sakiTxis mniSvnelobas (ezra 9:12; neem 10:29, 30). Cven gavamaxvileT yuradReba am sakiTxze imitom, rom gamogvewvia mkiTxvelebSi garkveuli gamoxmaureba; colqmruli urTierTobis Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT naTqvamia nawilSi 11.3.

gankiTxva

solomonis gariyulobis Sedegad, israelis samefo gaiyo or nawilad: solomonis Ze, roboami marTavda iudas StoTi, beniamini ki _ menaSes Stos nawiliT, im dros, rodesac ieroboami marTavda danarCen aT Stos. am aTi StoTi Sedgenil samefos israelis samefo ewoda anu efremi, xolo or Stos iudas samefo. am Stoebis mosaxleobis umravlesoba solomonis uxeiro magaliTs baZavda _ isini ambobdnen, rom swamT WeSmariti RmerTi da amisTanave Tayvans scemdnen mezobeli xalxis kerpebs. RmerTma araerTxel mimarTa maT winaswarmetyvelTa meSveobiT, rom moenaniaT, magram amaoT. maSin man dasaja isini da gaaZeva israelis samefodan maTi mtrebis qveyanaSi. es moxda aSurelTa da babilonelTa meSveobiT, romlebic SemoiWrnen israelSi da tyved waiyvanes mosaxleoba. "mravali weli Tavs ikavebdi maTi gulisTvis, Seagonebdi Seni suliT _ winaswarmetyvelTa meSveobiT, magram yurs ar ugdebdnen; amitomac Cayare isini qveyanaTa mezobel xalxebis xelSi" (neem 9:30). israelis samefo aTi Stosagan Sedgeboda, mas ar hyavda kargi mefe. ieroboami, aqabi, axazia da sxva, rogorc aris naTqvami amis Sesaxeb mefeTa wignSi, kerpTmsaxurni iyvnen. israelis ukanaskneli mefe hoSeayi iyo; misi marTvis dros aSurelebma gaanadgures israelianebi da waiyvanes tyved aTive Sto (4 mef 17). am tyveobidan isini arasides dabrunebulan.

iudas qveyanaSi arsebobda ramodenime keTilSobili mefe (magaliTad, xazkia, ioSia), magram umravlesoba cudi iyo. xalxTa codvebis gamo, RmerTma uaryo iudas qveyana, rogorc Tavisi samefo, rodesac babilonelebi SeiWrnen iudas qveyanaSi da tyved waiyvanes babilonis mosaxleoba. im dros xalxiT cedkiahu marTavda (4 mef 25). tyved ayvanilni imyofebodnen babilonSi 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi, romlis Semdeg zogierTi maTgani dabrunda israelSi ezrasa da neemias xelmZRvanelobis qveS. amis Semdeg, maT ar hyavdaT sakuTari mefe, maTi marTavdnen babilonelebi, berZnebi da romaelebi. ieso romaelTa batonobis dros daibada. iesos uaryofis gamo, romaelebi SeiWrnen ebraelTa samflobeloSi ax. w. aR-is 70 wlebSi da sxvadasxva adgilas daasaxles isini. mxolod 100 wlis win ebraelebma kvlav daiwyes dabruneba israelSi da amiT auwyes qristes mosvla (ix. danarTi 3).

ezekieli 21:25-27 qadageba RvTis sasufevelis dasasrulis Sesaxeb, rogorc es gamomJRavnda israelis xalxze: "Sen ki, urjulo, boroteulo. mTavaro israelisa (ese igi, cidkiahu), romelsac daudga Jami... ase ambobs ufali RmerTi: moiSore jiRa da moixade gvirgvini (ese igi, dasasruls uaxlovdeba cidkiahus mefoba), yovelTvis ase ar iqneba... damxobas, damxobas, damxobas vuwilxvedreb da esec aRar iqneba, sanam is ar mova, vis xelSic aris samarTali, rom mas CavabaroT" (ezek 21:25-27). mTeli winasrmetyveleba dastiris RvTis sasufevelis dasasruls (os 10:3; god 5:16; ierem 14:21; dan 8:12-14).

samjer gameorebuli sityva "damxoba" leqsebSi ezek 21:25-27 ekuTvnis nabuqodonosoris, babilonis mefis sam SeWras israelSi. yuradRebiani studenti ixilavs am leqsebSi samefos marTvis magaliTs, cidkiahus damxoba xom RvTis sasufevelis damxoba iyo (ix. nawili 5.2). ase dasrulda RvTis sasufeveli israelis xalxSi: "gavauqmo israelis mefoba" (os 1:4) da igi ar iarsebebs manam, sanam ar mova is, visac ekuTvnis igi. "miscems mas ufali RmerTi misi mamis, daviTis taxts... da mis mefobas ar eqneba dasasruli" (luk 1:32, 33) qristes dabrunebisas. maSin ganxorcieldeba aRTqma samefos aRdgenis Sesaxeb.

Zvel aRTqmaSi uamravi adgili RvTis samefos aRdgenas aqvs miniWebuli. qristes moswavleebic iyvnen aseve dainteresebulni am sakiTxiT: "amitom Sekrebilni ekiTxebodnen mas: am xanebSi xom ar aRudgen, ufalo, israelis samefos?", ese igi "asruldeba Tu ara amJamad ezekielis winaswarmetyveleba 21:27?" amaze ieso qristem miugo, rom isini verasodes ver gaigeben misi meore mosvlis zust dros; amis Semdeg angelozebma daarwmunes isini, rom ieso dabrundeba iseve, rogorc amaRlda (saq 1:6-11).

aqedan gamomdinare, RmerTis samefos/israelis aRdgena meore mosvlisas ganxorcieldeba. petre qadagebda, rom ufali gamogzavnis "ieso qristes, romelic zecam unda miiRos (ese igi, is unda iq darCes) vidre yvelaferi aRdgebodes, rasac RmerTi dasabamidan ambobda Tavisi wmida winaswarmetyvelebis piriT" (saq 3:20, 21). meore mosvla moitans RvTis sasufevelis aRdgenas, rogorc israelis Zvel samefos aRorZinebas.

RvTis sasufevelis aRdgena WeSmaritad "yvela (RvTis) wmida winaswarmetyvelTa" saerTo Temaa: _

_ "da wyalobiT damyardeba taxti da rwmeniT dajdeba (ieso) masze daviTis karavSi (meore mosvlisas _ luk 1:32, 33) msajuli... moswrafe samarTlis qmnaSi" (es 16:5).

_ "mas Jams aRvmarTav daviTis damxobil karavs (ese igi, daviTis "taxts" _ luk 1:32, 33), garRveuls Sekrav, dangreuls gavamTeleb da ise aRvadgen, rogorc Zvel droSi iyo" (amos 9:11). ukanaskneli fraza aSkarad metyvelebs aRdgenaze.

_ "iqnebian misi (israelis) Svilebi Zveleburad da misi krebuli mtkiced idgeba Cems winaSe" (ierem 30:20).

_ "ufali... kvlav airCevs ierusalims" (zaq 2:12) da Tavisi samefos dedaqalaqad gaxdis (Sd. fsalm 48:2; es 2:2-4).

_ "davabruneb iudas da israelis wartacebuls da winandeburad avaSeneb maT... kvlav gaismeba xma sixarulisa... davabruneb qveyanidan wartyvenilebs, rogorc Tavidanve iyvnen... kvlav gaCndeba (ierusalimSi) mwyemsTa binebi, maTi jogis sadgomebi" (ierem 33:7_13).

am samefos damyarebisaTvis qristes dabruneba aris WeSmaritad "israelis imedi", da es imedi Cven naTlobis miRebiT unda gaviziaroT.